Branching Phyla

Ordenamiento de las características de diseño de plan corporal, que apoyan la hipótesis del árbol filogenético de algunos filos modernos, según el análisis molecular del rRNA 16S y 18S (Valentine 1994: 6754):

1. colágeno, tejidos
2. gastrulación, enterón
3. mesodermo
4. sistema vascular sanguíneo
5. celoma oligomérico
6. hemocele
7. segmentación artrópoda
8. segmentación anélida

0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	_	Phyla
0										Choanoflagellata
	1									Porifera
	1	2								Cnidaria
	1	2	3							Platyhelminthes
	1	2	3	4	5					Echinodermata Chordata
	1	2	3	4		6				Brachiopoda Nemertina Pogonophora Mollusca Sipunculida
	1	2	3	4		6	7			Arthropoda
	1	2	3	4		6		8		Annelida

Torito! ¿Celoma oligomérico versus Hemocele?

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Cartwright, Paulyn and Allen G. Collins. 2007. Fossils and phylogenies: Integrating multiple lines of evidence to investigate the origin of early major metazoan lineages. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47(5): 744-751 doi:10.1093/icb/icm071. [a003791fx]

Chen, Jun-Yuan. 2009. The sudden appearance of diverse animal body plans during the cambrian explosion. International Journal of Developmental Biology, 53(5-6): 733-751 doi:10.1387/ijdb.072513cj. [a007131fx]

Collins, Allen G. and James W. Valentine. 2001. Defining phyla: Evolutionary pathways to metazoan body plans. Evolution and Development, 3(6): 432-442. [a004722fx]

Erwin, Douglas H.; James W. Valentine and David Jablonski. 1997. The origin of animal body plans. American Scientist, 85: 126-137. [a003781fx]

Ohno, Susumu. 1996. The notion of the cambrian pananimalia genome. PNAS, 93(16): 8475-8478. [a001842fx]

Raff, Rudolf A. 2008. Origins of the other metazoan body plans: The evolution of larval forms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1496): 1473-1479 doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2237. [a003972fx]

Valentine, James W. 1994. Late Precambrian bilaterians: Grades and clades. PNAS, 91(15): 6751-6757. [a000914fx]

Valentine, James W.; Douglas H. Erwin and David Jablonski. 1996. Developmental evolution of metazoan bodyplans: The fossil evidence. Developmental Biology, 173: 373-381. [a007439fx]

Wray, Gregory A.; Jeffrey S. Levinton and Leo H. Shapiro. 1996. Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla. Science, 274(5287): 568-573. [a001451fx]

wiki: Phylum // Link